An investigation of trade liberalization and export performance in Nigeria: Evidence from the Nigerian Export Promotion Council
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Background of the study :
Trade liberalization has been heralded as a pathway to economic growth, promoting competitiveness and enhancing export performance. In Nigeria, the Nigerian Export Promotion Council (NEPC) has been at the forefront of initiatives aimed at liberalizing trade and boosting export activities (Chinwe, 2023). Over the years, policy reforms have reduced trade barriers, encouraged foreign investment, and facilitated the integration of Nigeria into global markets. These reforms have been crucial in diversifying the economy away from oil dependency by promoting non-oil exports (Emeka, 2024). However, challenges such as infrastructural bottlenecks, bureaucratic inefficiencies, and global market volatility continue to affect export performance (Ngozi, 2025). The interplay between trade liberalization policies and export outcomes is complex, with both positive and negative implications for various economic sectors. This study examines the role of the NEPC in facilitating trade liberalization and its impact on Nigeria’s export performance, incorporating empirical data and qualitative insights to provide a nuanced analysis of the policy environment and market responses (Chinwe, 2023; Emeka, 2024).
Statement of the problem
Despite significant policy reforms promoting trade liberalization, Nigeria’s export performance has not met expected targets. Structural challenges such as inadequate infrastructure, cumbersome bureaucratic processes, and limited market access hinder the effectiveness of liberalization efforts (Ngozi, 2025). The NEPC, tasked with promoting exports, faces constraints that undermine its ability to fully leverage the benefits of open trade policies. This disconnect between policy objectives and actual export outcomes creates uncertainty and impedes economic diversification. There is a need to critically assess the impact of trade liberalization measures on export performance and identify the obstacles that restrict the growth of non-oil export sectors (Chinwe, 2023).
Objectives of the study:
- To analyze the impact of trade liberalization on Nigeria’s export performance.
- To evaluate the role of the NEPC in promoting exports.
- To identify barriers to effective trade liberalization.
Research questions:
- How does trade liberalization influence export performance in Nigeria?
- What role does the NEPC play in facilitating export growth?
- What are the major barriers to achieving desired export outcomes?
Research Hypotheses:
- Trade liberalization positively impacts export performance.
- The NEPC significantly enhances export activities.
- Infrastructure and bureaucratic inefficiencies hinder export growth.
Significance of the study
This study is significant as it evaluates the critical link between trade liberalization and export performance in Nigeria. The research highlights policy gaps and operational challenges within the NEPC, offering recommendations to boost export competitiveness. The findings will inform policymakers, industry stakeholders, and international investors about the potential benefits and limitations of liberalized trade policies. Ultimately, the study contributes to the formulation of strategies that enhance Nigeria’s integration into global markets (Chinwe, 2023).
Scope and limitations of the study:
This study is limited to investigating trade liberalization and export performance in Nigeria through the NEPC only.
Definitions of terms:
- Trade Liberalization: The reduction or elimination of trade barriers to encourage free trade.
- Export Performance: The measure of a country’s success in selling goods and services to foreign markets.
- Nigerian Export Promotion Council (NEPC): The government agency responsible for promoting non-oil exports.
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